Which of the following best describes lipolysis?

Lipolysis is best described as the biochemical process in which triglycerides, stored in adipose (fat) tissue, are broken down into free fatty acids and glycerol. This process is crucial for energy production, especially during periods of fasting or prolonged exercise when the body needs to utilize fat stores for energy.

During lipolysis, enzymes called lipases play a key role in catalyzing the hydrolysis of triglycerides. The released free fatty acids can then enter the bloodstream and be transported to various tissues, including muscle, where they can be oxidized to meet energy demands.

The other options do not accurately describe lipolysis: the breakdown of carbohydrates pertains to glycolysis, the synthesis of fats refers to lipogenesis, and the conversion of proteins into amino acids relates to proteolysis. Understanding the specific roles and processes of lipid metabolism is essential for a comprehensive knowledge of sports nutrition, particularly in relation to energy utilization and macronutrient management.