Which mineral is essential for the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione?

The mineral that is essential for the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione is actually not magnesium. Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of three amino acids (glutamine, cysteine, and glycine), and its synthesis is particularly dependent on the availability of cysteine. While magnesium plays many roles in the body, including being involved in numerous enzymatic reactions, it is not specifically noted for its role in glutathione synthesis.

Zinc is an important mineral that plays a critical role in numerous biochemical pathways and acts as a cofactor for various enzymes, while iron serves a key function in oxygen transport and utilization within the body. Calcium is primarily known for its role in bone health and muscle contraction. However, none of these minerals are as directly tied to glutathione synthesis as substances like cysteine or other precursors involved in the formation of this important antioxidant.

Understanding the biochemical pathways and the specific roles of these minerals helps clarify their importance in nutrition and health.