What type of sports primarily utilizes the lactic acid energy system?

The lactic acid energy system, also known as anaerobic glycolysis, is predominantly utilized during activities that require short bursts of energy over durations typically ranging from 30 seconds to about two minutes. This system is engaged when the intensity of exercise exceeds the capability of the aerobic energy system and the body begins to rely more on carbohydrate metabolism in the absence of sufficient oxygen.

Medium distance sprints exemplify activities that fit within this duration and intensity range. During these sprints, the body relies on the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to produce ATP, resulting in the accumulation of lactic acid, which can lead to fatigue as exercise continues. This dependency on the lactic acid system is why medium distance events effectively utilize this energy pathway.

In contrast, long-distance running primarily relies on the aerobic energy system, as it provides energy through the complete oxidation of carbohydrates and fats over extended periods. Powerlifting is mainly anaerobic but relies on the phosphocreatine system for short, maximal efforts rather than the lactic acid system due to the high but brief nature of the lifts. Swimming encompasses a wide variety of distances and efforts, but longer swimming events typically rely more on aerobic pathways, particularly when sustained for extended durations. Thus, medium distance sprints are uniquely positioned