What role does glutamine play in immune system support?

Glutamine plays a crucial role in immune system support primarily through its function as a fuel source for immune cells, particularly during times of stress or illness. While it is involved in protein and glycogen synthesis, the more pertinent aspect in the context of immune support is that it helps maintain the integrity and function of the immune cells.

During periods of metabolic stress, such as intense exercise, injury, or infection, the demand for glutamine increases. Immune cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages, rely heavily on glutamine for their energy and functional activities. Adequate levels of glutamine help in the proliferation of these cells and influence the overall immune response. As a conditionally essential amino acid, particularly in stressful situations, ensuring sufficient glutamine levels can support health and recovery.

The other options, while they reflect various aspects of biochemical processes in the body, do not directly relate to the role of glutamine in immune support. Glutamine itself is not primarily known for antioxidant properties, the regulation of blood sugar levels, or direct increases in vitamin absorption. Instead, its support of protein synthesis and as an energy source is what makes it vital for immune function during stress.